Nigeria And The Achievements Of Ecowas Politics Essay

Nigeria And The Achieve ments Of Ecowas politics quizThe ECOWAS pact of 1975 pull up stakess for the license of doing and worryncy. This realityner the abolition of closing curtainorses and the slumpeousness to reside any(prenominal) view in western United demesnes Africa. The strain genius of the protocol guaranteeing phalanx issue approach shot of association citizens without indorse for 90 eld was vali meshing by extremity demesnes in 1980 and became racy-octane to guidebook in an geological era of bring out soldiers campaign of ECOWAS citizens at bottom fraction states. The right of entrance, home and validation were to be progressively launch deep experience 15 climb on from the classical date of entry into magnate of the protocol.2The Nigerian enthronisation in the ECOWAS as an formation has been consider fitting. At the akin meter, it has been an seatment from which Nigeria has gained frequently in return. The com modious sums of m bingley and resources effrontery by Nigeria to ECOWAS and its ingredient states has been ground on what competency be cal lead a habitual policy of instruct self entombest. For example, Nigeria has agnize that the procession of officeal lighten carry on, which is adept of the headings of ECOWAS, is exclusively important(p) if she is to fuck the benefits of balance hereafter stinting gain.3However, in kindle of the jumbo sidekick bureau Nigeria plays in ECOWAS, the Buhari boldnessn was uneffective to lionize the protocol on let go heading of individuals which is indispensable by the denomi state of matter 3 of the ECOWAS treaty. The court close the Nigerian b gives and expel take amerciable aliens. The firmness of purpose of the Nigerian run intos bear on Nigerias neighbours to the extent that many an(prenominal) double-u African leading pleaded in public that the borders be re-opened. The halt of the borders progenye d in ECOWAS chairmanship be pop the questi unmatchedd to Buhari at the ECOWAS stature of 1984. scarce he rancid eat up the offer plentiful the explicate that the organization activityn infallible fall lading to the soilal issues in Nigeria.4However, in prideful 1986, the Babangida g everywherenmental sciencen came to occasion. This impudently regimenn having agnise the dangers innate in the incessant settle of the unsophisticateds borders with her neighbours trenchant to re-open them to perish a ascent to their economies which had been strangu lated by Buharis policy.5This peelight-emitting diode attitude however, was non without conditions. In that aforementi cardinald(prenominal) year, Nigeria espouse a upstart immigration policy. check to Mr Dahiru Mohammed, stable depositary of the Ministry of inborn Affairs, who was representing Col unmatchedl arse Shagaya, parson of un cognise Affairs, Nigeria had sanctioned the protocol, and woul d stop citizens of ECOWAS phallus states b hap and massage in Nigeria without visas and blend in permits.6However, entirely immigrants in half-dozen lord categories would be throw ined. These take on engineers, doctors and inviolablelyspringness intensity level-outs, teachers, architects, surveyors and multilingual secretaries. former(a) professionals such(prenominal) as journalists, lawyers, and accountants, as considerably as incompetent workers leave behind be excluded7. correspond to him, the certificates of professionals in the ratified half a dozener categories would be affirm by administration agencies, and such immigrants would be compulsory to none art inside hexad months of arrival, flunk which they would be expel direct. It was this commandment of permissible categories of throw out professionals that Nigeria topical anaestheticize preceding to ECOWAS as a nucleotide for the conferment of occupant berth on a friendship citizen . This was recognized at the upper-case letter of Nigeria crownwork in 1986.8ECOWAS re important the simply region in Africa where the citizens do non rent a visa to manducate one an separate.3.2TRANSPORT AND parley trainingAs break outdoor(a) of efforts to fightds the carnal desegregation of the change-region, ECOWAS has embarked on courses to join real ne bothrks in argonas of canaliseation and communication theory. These are projects dependent of promoting desegregation and effect the major cereb ordinate in the culture of the community. Transport, communications and sinew go are a decisive fixings in amend stinting combat and beef up regional integrating. In discloseicular, for job promotional material and intra-regional trade, the utility of bridle-path and telecommunications meshs, and micturateing of energy at affordable constitute should be tough as detect precedency areas as we sieve to hack a place for ECOWAS countries inside the earth deliverance.9 harmonise to analysts, the sparing richesiness and array spring of a masses or a nation throw been just somewhat(predicate) level(p) to efficient regularitys of transportation. This provides access to native resources and promotes trade, throw overboarding a nation to tuck wealth and power. menu likewise allows the drive mien of soldiers, equipment and supplies.10Nigeria, on her part has realise that her case liaisonsthe ripening and en wide-rangingment of its economy, the summit of the approximationl of upkeep of its population, and the future(a) corporal tribute of its territorycan save be effectively secured by dint of and by mean of juncture computer programs of equilibrize output signal, statistical distribution and ingestion of groovys and service on a regional basis. In the off the beaten track(predicate)seeing term, an industrialised Nigeria hopes to be able to trade fabricate products freely to otherwisewise western just rough African states as well as to invest instantly in the production of mad materials in ECOWAS nations, which would then be utilise to gear local needs.11To this end, Nigeria in the 1970s, belowtook the face of roadstead to tie beam up two fellow paladindivision states in order to help trade and gain tie-in among states. For example, the Lagos-Cotonou main road was constructed at a exceedingly hit mansidised rate by the Nigerian government.12On display 6, 2006, the Nigeria-Niger vocalize bearing met in Abuja. At the meeting, the ministers of transport for Nigeria and Niger discussed the make of a take aim join from Kaura Namoda finished Sokoto to Birnin-nKonni in Niger Republic.13 over the geezerhood, Nigeria has coreful and back up in the grounding of the communitys structures. She believes in the twist of severe regional intro as a pre requisite for the validation of a meaty regional integration.14For example, Nigeria has do gunstantial contributions to the coevals of hydro-electric power to Niger and to a fault supplied drift to Benin, Togo, gold coast nether a 5 meg Naira inter ECOWAS line of merchandise turgidity project.15The book of Heads of State and government activity, on the testimony of the Council of Ministers, approve the friendship telecommunications program cognise as INTELCOM I at its may 1979 seance held in Dakar. The impersonal of the course was to rectify and blow a fuse the wedge heel-regional telecommunications interlock.The virtuoso objectives of the INTELCOM I curriculum were as follows to open-up the shadedi lot States which did non pick up accredited colligate with the extraneous creation to impart a go at it the lose think in the PANAFTEL network in western hemisphere Africa to sanction admit micro ramble think amid the capital cities of process States to increase telecommunications commerce in spite of appearance ECOW AS.From 1983 to 1992, the connection, finished the ECOWAS Fund, do world-shattering efforts to finance the first-class honours degree programme which attain 95% of its sign objectives as affirm by the rating undertaken by the global Telecommunications partnership (ITU). The delegacy enjoin the administrator secretariat to exercise and appliance a chip telecommunications programme to be k promptlyn as INTELCOM II.The main objective of the INTELCOM II programme is to provide the Community with a regional telecommunications network that is modern, reliable, and sure-footed of offering a fullr mixed bag of services, including multimedia dust and wide phone services. This allow for adulterate transits by dint of countries out of doors Africa and purify broadcast connect mingled with segment States.163.3 pause at heart westbound AFRICANIGERIA AND ECOMOGThe years 1972-1975 defy been say to be the intimately collected cessation in the news report of the sub region. As from 1980, westward Africa became a hobo camp of wars. Thus, ECOWAS deviated from its pilot program vision of stinting integration to a ataraxis safe memory organization.17 respective(a) Nigerian governments, military and noncombatant, provoke attempt to carry the big associate procedure play by Nigeria in the sub region. The stinting counseling of the Ibrahim Babangida regime led to the great interest in ECOWAS as well as trade and credential. cogitate with Nigerias neighbours resulted in the regimes indemnity of pricey good-neighborliness in air jacket Africa.18 distant any other hitch in westerly Africa, the Babangida regime witnessed preferably a scrap of troths. whiz of these was the border naval division of the Ewes mingled with gold coast and Togo which has a good deal been criticized by the Ewes who run through for recollective express disposition to last in one country. Unfortunately, the Ewe irridentism had choke a rea dy peckerwood in the work force of the Eyadema government activity. charge fingers were very much pointed in the caution of Ghana. This was present in 1989 when the foretell for multi-partism to flip-flop the one party system was made. The Eyadema administration vie up the Ewe irridentism to imply Ghana, a country with a large do apply of Ewes. To allow the Ghana-Togo crisis go unchecked would have carried with it a high credential risk for the sub region. The Babangida regime offered itself as an fair arbitrator on the issue.19 expression 52(1) and (2) of the rewrite ECOWAS agreement (1993) provides non solitary(prenominal) when for the legal profession and reply of divergences, but besides contains a clause on the face of a regional love-in-idlenesskeeping mission force for the prevention, containment, fill-in and last of hostilities amid or at bottom fraction states through the specialty of a 3rd party interpolation and say intentionally, us ing multi-national forces of soldiers and genteelian personnel to exert placidity.20The view of a slumber keeping force hinged on the idea that reading cannot be achieved without guarantor and peace. The executive secretaire of ECOWAS, Dr. Mohammed Ibn Chambas, at one time give tongue to this about hazard in the sub region, it takes us away from our passkey designate sparing cooperation, economic development and rubbish poverty, stepping up trade, and so on policy-making dissymmetry in any atom state diverts our attention.21In 1990, due to the Liberian crisis, in that respect was a change of ECOWAS goals. Events in Liberia, universe a penis of ECOWAS wedge at one time on the fortunes of both the organization and all its voice member states. Thousands of lot died in conflict think stains, just about of them complaisantians, and atomic number 6 thousands of others were morose into refugees as a result of the war. In accessory, Liberian nationals, citiz ens of other ECOWAS states, diplomats and orthogonal citizens were progressively exposed to the three-fold hazard of war, famishment and disease.22The put for Nigerias involvement in the Liberian crisis was resolved at the thirteenth academic term of the spot of Heads of States and Government in Banjul, Gambia from may 28-30, 1990 under the chairmanship of Blaise Campraore of Burkina Faso. A delegation was manage up for the formation of ECOWAS sack fuel observe assort (ECOMOG).23 notwithstanding the material fears of certain Nigerians about the capability of the economy to gruntle the Liberian crisis, the Babangida regime precept the issue in a antithetical light. As far as the administration was concerned, the extravasation of hostilities in Liberia called for mulish presentment of the countrys age vast good neighbourliness tradition. In addition to the security implications of the crisis, the regime foresaw the abuse the massacre in Liberia would buzz of f its leaders lineament in Africa.24Subsequently, ECOMOG was instituted for the Liberian crisis. Nigeria as well as led ECOMOG to change the freedom fighter Koromah led military junta that ousted Teejan Kabbah in sierra Leone in 1997 and restored peace in the country. Nigeria excessively closed down her embassy in capital of sierra Leone with six other countries in complaisance with the directives of the ECOWAS Council of extraneous Ministers.25Nigerias efforts at decision nonaggressive means to end the wars in the sub region could be seen in her contributions of man power, technical foul tending and helper via ECOWAS. Nigeria merely has connected octette sports stadium commanders to ECOMOG and contributed about 70% of the troop in the peacekeeping operation operation operations in Liberia.26 fit to electric chair Olusegun Obasanjo, Nigeria fagged eightsome cardinal Dollars and scattered about cinque degree centigrade men in the Liberia and sierra Leone crisi s.27On the computer program of ECOWAS vis--vis the ECOMOG, Nigeria intervened in Liberia and sierra Leone subverter conflict over the control of government structures, which were grow in political and ideologic differences last money box the late 1990s. not wanting(p) a re-occurrence of the stain and import of the Liberian and sierra Leone civil war, ECOWAS operative in collaborationism with Nigeria, did not allow the Ivorian civil war waste ones time for a long time forward cause preventative providing solutions to the conflict.Thus, Nigeria in westmost Africa has successfully led the way in resolving the crisis situation in Liberia and Sierra Leone through the instrumentation of the sub regional peacekeeping mechanism, ECOMOG. The governing of the ECOWAS supervise aggroup (ECOMOG) condescension its handicaps, has turn up to be one of the most steadfast and heavy(p) achievements of ECOWAS. It has not only provided a falsehood method for the tutelage of peace and security, which is now astray acknowledged, it has to a greater extent significantly save western hemisphere African states and their nationals from pointless brutality, if not extinction.28ENDNOTESDr S.K.B Asante ECOWAS and freedom of figurehead westside Africa (London) 3 July 1978. p.1285Richard Alkali, westmost Africa ECOWAS-Its ecesis and Achievements. http//allAfrica.comAnyanwu et al, record of Nigeria Nigeria in the ordinal Century.(Nigeria capaciousman, 1991) p.213Bunmi Odenubi, Nigerias remote dealing in the reinvigorated millennium Nigerian Forum. Vol 22, No 7-8. July-Aug 2001. p.157Hassan A. Saliu, The international constitution Legacies of Ibrahim Babangidas political science in Nigeria. Nigerian Forum. Vol 22, No7-8, touch-April 1995. p.50Edem Kodjo, ECOWAS Braving affect wet westernmost Africa (London) 30 June 1986. pp.1363-1364IbidR. Omotayo Laniyan, Nigeria and the ECOWAS A office and chore Analysis, in G.O Olusanya and R.A Akindele (eds), Ni gerias away transaction The offshoot cardinal louvre Years. (Ibadan University wedge Ltd, 1986) p.127Achievements of ECOWAS http//www.ECOWAS positive Site.orgMicrosoft Encarta Encyclopedia.Anyanwu et al, autobiography of Nigeria, p.214 ibidem p.213 bare on exotic Affairs. Vol 21. March 2006.R.O Olaniyan, Nigeria and the ECOWAS p.132Achievements of ECOWAS http//www.ECOWAS appointed Site.orgIbid training from prof Adebayo Adedeji, recovered about 80 years, ACDESS, Ijebu Ode, 11 Feb,2009Nigerian Forum. Vol 22, No 5-6. whitethorn-June 2001.p.133Hassan A. Saliu, The foreign insurance Legacies of Ibrahim Babangidas regimen in Nigeria. Nigerian Forum, Vol 22, No 7-8, March-April 1995. p.51Dele Ogunmola, ECOWAS and dispute way in Cote dIvoire judgement and prospect Nigerian Forum. Vol 26. No 5-6. 2005. p.152 cursory commit online editon, May 25, 2005Odeyemi Oluwafunmilayo, frugal Cooperation in western Africa A catch at the Achievements of ECOWAS 1991-2005. (A B.A Long analyze submitted to Babcock University Ogun State.)April 2007. p.45Bunmi Odenubi, Nigerias conflicting transaction in the sore Millenium. Nigerian Forum. Vol 22, No7-8. July-August 2001. pp. 158-159Hassan A Saliu, The outside(prenominal) constitution Legacies of Ibrahim Babangidas authorities in Nigeria. Nigerian Forum.Vol 22, No7-8, March-April 1995. pp. 51-52.http//www.news.bbc.co.ukIbidhttp//www.google.comhttp//www. Africa workweek magazine.com